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110 CHAPTER 8 GETTING EVERYTHING UP AND RUNNING Figure 8-12. Ubuntu should be able to automatically detect any Windows or SMB shared printers on your network. 5. In the Host drop-down list, select the computer to which the printer is attached. If there is more than one shared printer on the network, you may need to choose between several options, so make sure that you know the correct network name of the machine sharing the printer. The best way to do this is to speak to your system administrator or the person who set up the printer share. 6. Wait a few more seconds, and then, in the Printer drop-down list, select the shared printer. Once again this should be detected automatically. Note If you find that the Host and Printer details aren t automatically configured, you will need to enter them manually. Speak to the system administrator or the individual in charge of the shared printer to find out what these are. 7. In the Username and Password fields, type the username and password that might be required to access the shared printer, if they haven t already been filled in automatically. (With the Windows XP Home host I used for testing, I found that I could type any username and leave the Password field blank.) To connect to a Windows XP Professional or Windows 2000 host, you will most likely need to enter both a username and password. These can be the login details of any user of the computer or, if the shared computer and printer are configured for Guest access, you can try typing Guest for the username and leaving the Password field blank.

CHAPTER 8 GETTING EVERYTHING UP AND RUNNING 109 4. Enter the network address of the printer. In the case of HP JetDirect, the default port number should be okay, unless you have been specifically told to enter a different number. Depending on which server option you chose, you may also need to enter the queue name. 5. Choose the printer make and model (see step 3 in the previous section for guidance). Then click Finish. 6. When the printer is installed, right-click its icon in the Printers window, select Properties, and then click Print a Test Page. If the printer doesn t work, it s likely that you set the wrong server type. Try an alternative type; if you chose CUPS the first time, try HP JetDirect the second time. Many print servers can emulate a variety of modes, so trying a different setting may work. If the printer starts spewing out page after page of text, it s likely that you selected an incorrect printer driver. Cancel the job at the printer. Then double-click the printer icon, right-click the job, and select Cancel. Then right-click the printer, select Remove, and repeat the installation steps, this time trying an alternative driver. Configuring a Windows/SMB Shared Printer A Windows (or SMB) printer is one that s directly connected to a computer, and then made available across the network. Effectively, the computer acts as the printer server. Often, in corporate environments, such printers are attached to server computers, but an individual may share the printer attached to a workstation. In a home situation, a Windows/SMB share is an excellent and inexpensive way of sharing a printer among many computers. The printer is attached to one PC, and, as long as that computer is switched on, the printer will be available to the other computers in the household. Assuming that the printer has been correctly set up to be shared on the host computer, connecting to a Windows/SMB printer share is easy. In most cases, Ubuntu will do the hard work for you. Follow these steps to set up a Windows/SMB shared printer: 1. Click System . Administration . Printing. In the Printers window, double-click the New Printer icon. 2. In the Add a Printer dialog box, click Network Printer. 3. In the drop-down list, select Windows Printer (SMB), as shown in Figure 8-12. 4. Wait for a minute or two while Ubuntu probes the network to see if any shared printers are available. When Ubuntu discovers a printer, you might find an Authentication dialog box appears. Here, you should type the username and password (if applicable) for the shared printer. Ask the person who administers the computer that s sharing the printer for this information. (When connecting to the shared printer attached to a Windows XP Home machine, I was able to click the Cancel button in the Authentication dialog box.)

108 CHAPTER 8 GETTING EVERYTHING UP AND RUNNING Figure 8-11. Once the printer is configured, it appears in the Printers window. If the printer is installed correctly, you should find yourself with a test page showing color gradations. If the printer hasn t been installed correctly, it either won t work at all or will start spewing out page after page of junk text. If this is the case, turn off the printer, and then double-click the printer icon. In the window that appears, right-click the printer job and select Cancel. You have either selected the wrong port or, more likely, installed incompatible printer drivers. Right-click the new printer s icon and select Remove. Then repeat the installation steps, this time trying different settings. Configuring a Network Printer A network printer is one that is not directly connected to any computer. Instead, it connects to the network via an Ethernet cable. In this way, all computers in the office will be able to use it. If the printer is directly connected to a computer, it will very probably be shared via Windows/SMB. In this case, follow the instructions in the next section. Some printers have the required server hardware built in, but others might use a special print server module that attaches to the printer s USB or parallel printer port. Ubuntu can work with both types of hardware. Ubuntu is compatible with Unix (LPD), HP JetDirect, and Internet Printing Protocol (IPP) server types. These are the most ubiquitous types currently in use. Before beginning, you ll need to find out the printer s network address and, if relevant, the queue name or the port number. You should be able to find out these details by speaking to your network administrator or the person who configured the printer. Follow these steps to configure a network printer: 1. Click System . Administration . Printing. In the Printers window, double-click the New Printer icon. 2. In the Add a Printer dialog box, click Network Printer. 3. In the drop-down list, select the type of printer server. If you re unsure of which to choose, try CUPS Printer (IPP). If you wish to connect to a Hewlett Packard printer, select HP JetDirect.

CHAPTER 8 GETTING EVERYTHING UP AND RUNNING 107 Adding a Printer Most people have a printer nowadays, and Ubuntu supports a wide variety of models everything from laser printers to color ink-jet models, and even some of the very old dot-matrix printers. If you work in an office environment, you ll probably be expected to access a shared printer. Sharing a printer is usually achieved by connecting the device directly to the network. The printer itself normally has special built-in hardware to allow this to happen. Alternatively, the printer might be plugged into a Windows computer, such as a Windows NT, 2000, or XP server (or even simply someone s desktop PC), and shared so that other users can access it. Ubuntu will work with network printers of both types. Configuring a Local Printer A local printer is one that s directly connected to your computer, normally via USB, although if the printer is a number of years old, it might connect via the parallel port. To set up a local printer, follow these instructions: 1. Click System . Administration . Printing. In the Printers window, double-click the New Printer icon. 2. In the Add a Printer dialog box, ensure Local Printer is selected. With any luck, your printer will have been automatically detected. But if this isn t the case, click the Printer Port drop-down list and select USB Printer #1 for a USB printer, or Parallel Port #1 for a parallel-port based printer. Click the Forward button to continue. 3. Select your printer manufacturer from the drop-down list, and the printer model from the list below. The printer will be referred to by its full title, rather than just its model number. This includes any prefixes, such as Optra or Stylus Color. If your printer isn t listed, look for the next best match. For example, my Epson Stylus Color 3600 wasn t in the list, but the Epson Stylus Color 3200 was, so I was able to select this driver. (I knew it would be compatible because the 3200 is similar to the 3600, and they also share the same Windows driver file.) Click Finish. Tip If you can t find your printer, or any mention of it, try visiting the manufacturer s web site and looking on its support pages for a Postscript Printer Driver (PPD) file. You might also take a look at www.linuxprinting.org/ download/PPD/ and www.adobe.com/products/printerdrivers/winppd.html, which offer many printer drivers available for download. If you find one, download it, and then click the Install Driver button to install it. 4. Once installation has finished, the printer will then appear in the Printers window, as shown in Figure 8-11. To see whether it s working correctly, right-click its icon, select Properties, and then click the Print a Test Page button.

106 CHAPTER 8 GETTING EVERYTHING UP AND RUNNING 7. If you want to use a buddy icon (the icon that others will see when they connect to you), click the Open button and browse to a picture. 8. If you wish to connect to a specific instant messaging server or if your network uses a proxy, click Show More Options and enter the details accordingly. In most cases, you won t need to do this. 9. When you ve finished, click the Save button. Then, in the main Gaim login window, click Sign On. After this, you should find the program works just like any other instant messaging program. You can double-click each contact in your list to start a conversation. To sign off, right-click the icon in the notification area and select the option from the menu, as shown in Figure 8-10. To add another account, click the Accounts button in the login window, and then click the Add button in the Accounts window. Then follow the preceding step-by-step instructions. Figure 8-10. You can control Gaim by right-clicking its notification area icon.

CHAPTER 8 GETTING EVERYTHING UP AND RUNNING 105 9. Finally, choose your location, which will have the effect of automatically defining your time zone. This will ensure that e-mail messages are correctly time-stamped. Click Forward to continue, and then click the Apply button to finish the wizard. Setting Up Instant Messaging Instant messaging is a way of chatting with other people in real time. It s as if you were having a phone conversation, but you re typing instead of speaking. You can talk to one other person or a whole group of people, and sometimes share files with them. The instant messaging program under Ubuntu, Gaim, offers the same functions and works in an almost identical way to programs that you might have used under Windows. It supports virtually all the popular chat standards, such as ICQ/AOL and MSN (Hotmail/Passport). It assumes that you already have an account with each service, which will likely be the case if you ve used instant messaging programs under Windows. You can have as many accounts as you wish and can select the one you want to use when you log in. To transfer your instant messaging account over to Gaim, you just need your screen name and password. As with other instant messaging clients, you ll be able to choose an on-screen alias. Tip For any queries about how Gaim works, see the FAQ at http://gaim.sourceforge.net/ faq.php. If you re interested in learning everything there is to know about Gaim, consider reading Open Source Messaging Application Development: Building and Extending Gaim, written by Gaim project leader Sean Egan (1-59059-467-3; Apress, 2005). Follow these steps to set up Gaim: 1. Start Gaim by clicking Applications . Internet . Gaim Internet Messenger. When the program starts for the first time, it will automatically open the Add Account dialog box, although it might be behind the main login window. If so, click to bring it to the front of the desktop. 2. In the Add Account dialog box, select the account type you want to set up from the Protocol drop-down list. 3. Enter your screen name, password, and alias details, as required. 4. If you don t want to type your password each time you run Gaim, check Remember Password. However, be aware that someone else using the computer could abuse your account. 5. You can put a check in Auto-Login if you want to log in to your account as soon as Gaim is launched. However, as with many other instant messaging clients, Gaim adds an icon to the notification area, and you can click this to go online and offline. 6. You can put a check in the New Mail Notifications box if you want to be notified of any mail sent to you via the address registered with your instant messaging service.

104 CHAPTER 8 GETTING EVERYTHING UP AND RUNNING Figure 8-9. Evolution can work with a variety of mail servers, including POP3, Microsoft Exchange, and IMAP. 5. You might need to enter your mail password, depending on which server type you chose. In some cases, you ll need to type this later when you download your mail for the first time. Click Forward to continue. 6. You re given the chance to choose between various additional options, such as how often you want Evolution to check for new mail or if you want to delete mail from the server after it has been downloaded. Unless you have been told otherwise or have special requirements, it should be okay to leave the default settings as they are. If you use a Microsoft Exchange server, you may need to enter the Active Directory/Global Address List server details here. Click Forward to continue. 7. Depending on the server type you chose, you might now need to fill in the outgoing (SMTP) server address. Type this into the Server field. If your SMTP server requires authentication, put a check in the relevant box, and then enter your username. Again, unless you ve been specifically told to use this option, you can leave it at its default (inactive) state. Click Forward to continue. 8. You re invited to enter a name for the account. This is the account name you will see when you use Evolution. The default is your e-mail address, but you can type something more memorable if you wish. Click Forward to continue.

CHAPTER 8 GETTING EVERYTHING UP AND RUNNING 103 Configuring E-Mail and Instant Messaging Being online is all about staying in touch, and Ubuntu is no slouch in this regard. Ubuntu offers a full-featured e-mail program, called Evolution, as well as an instant messaging client called Gaim. Unlike similar instant messaging clients, Gaim supports the variety of Internet chat protocols, such as ICQ, MSN, Yahoo, and IRC. This means you can chat with friends and colleagues on different networks using this one program. Evolution is able to work with both IMAP and the popular POP3 mail servers offered by ISPs and used within corporate environments. Additionally, it can work with the Microsoft Exchange protocol used by offices running the Outlook mail program and also Novell Group- Wise. We ll look at using Evolution in Chapter 27. Here, you ll learn how to configure the e-mail client to receive and send mail. Configuring E-Mail Access Before starting, you ll need to find out the addresses of the mail servers you intend to use. In the case of POP3 and IMAP mail accounts, you ll need to know the incoming and outgoing server addresses (outgoing may be referred to as SMTP). In the case of Microsoft Exchange, you ll need to know the OWA URL and, optionally, the Active Directory/Global Address List server. With Novell GroupWare, you ll simply need to know the server name. You ll also need to know your username and password details for the incoming and possibly outgoing mail servers. After gathering the necessary information, follow these steps to configure Evolution: 1. Start the Evolution e-mail client by clicking its icon at the top of the screen, to the right of the menus. Alternatively, you can select Applications . Office . Evolution. 2. When Evolution starts for the first time, you ll be invited to enter your configuration details via a wizard. The first screen will ask for your name and the e-mail address you wish to use within Evolution. These are what will appear in outgoing messages. Beneath this is a check box that you should leave checked if you want the account you re about to create to be the default account. In nearly all situations, this will be the correct choice. You can also fill in the Reply-To and Organization information if you wish, but these fields can be left blank. They re not normally displayed by most e-mail clients. Click the Forward button to continue. 3. The next screen asks for details of the receiving (incoming) mail server that you want to use, as shown in Figure 8-9. First, select the server type from the drop-down list. If you don t know which option to go with, select POP. This is by far the most common type of incoming mail server currently in use. 4. In the Configuration section, enter the server address and username in the relevant fields. It s very likely that you ll need to select Always from the Use Secure Connection drop-down list, too. Most POP servers employ at least a password system, and some employ more elaborate protection. You can find out what system your mail server uses by clicking the Check for Supported Types button. Click Forward to continue.

102 CHAPTER 8 GETTING EVERYTHING UP AND RUNNING ADDITIONAL NOTEBOOK CONFIGURATION Generally speaking, a notebook computer will not need any configuration above and beyond what s outlined in this chapter. For example, if you have a wireless PCMCIA card, you can simply follow the instructions under the Configuring a Wireless Card heading. However, you may also have a touchpad or be able to adjust your CPU s frequency. Touchpad Configuration If your notebook has a Synaptics TouchPad, you may want to configure it to your liking. Many notebooks come equipped with Synaptics hardware, although there are also similar touchpads made by Alps and other manufacturers. If your touchpad is a genuine Synaptics pad, Ubuntu will have installed the correct driver automatically. This should let you use the right edge of the pad to fast scroll through documents and web pages. Sadly, Ubuntu doesn t come with any way of configuring the touchpad (the Mouse applet under the System . Preferences menu will have no effect). This means that you will be unable to adjust the sensitivity of the pad to your tastes. However, you can download and use GSynaptics, which allows you to set touchpad preferences. Go to http://sourceforge.jp/projects/gsynaptics. Look for the download file created for Ubuntu systems and download it (the file will have a .deb file extension). Then open a GNOME Terminal window (Applications . Accessories . Terminal) and type sudo dpkg i filename, replacing filename with the name of the file you downloaded. Before you can use GSynaptics, you need to add a line to your X.org configuration file. You can do this by editing the file in Gedit. Type sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.config in the GNOME Terminal window to open the configuration file. Look through the document for the line that reads Identifier “Synaptics Touchpad” and then, beneath it, insert a new line that reads Option “SHMConfig” “true”. Then save the file and reboot your system. Once Ubuntu is up and running, click System . Preferences . Touchpad to start GSynaptics. If you have an Alps touchpad, you can configure its tap-to-click function using the tpconfig utility, which you can download via the Synaptic Package Manager. To find out how to use it, open a GNOME Terminal window and type man tpconfig. If all you want to do is turn off tap-to-click behavior, type sudo tpconfig t0. CPU Frequency Scaling Another handy notebook add-on is the GNOME CPU Frequency Scaling Monitor. If you have a compatible CPU in your notebook, this tool lets you adjust the speed of the chip to save battery power. Most modern mobile- oriented CPUs support this function. Unfortunately, because of its ability to slow down your system, the applet is considered a security risk. Before you use it, you must reconfigure your system to allow it to work. Open a GNOME Terminal window (Applications . Accessories . Terminal) and type sudo dpkg-reconfigure gnome-applets. You ll then be asked if you want to set the SUID of the frequency applet. Select Yes. Reboot your computer, and then right-click a blank spot on the Panel at the top of the screen. Click Add to Panel and then, in the dialog box that appears, scroll down to the System & Hardware heading. Click the CPU Frequency Scaling Monitor icon and click the Add button. To alter your CPU frequency, click the applet and choose the clock speed setting you desire.

CHAPTER 8 GETTING EVERYTHING UP AND RUNNING 101 Figure 8-8. Configuring the Synaptic Package Manager allows you to grab the latest software from online repositories. 5. Select the following entry: Ubuntu 5.10 “Breezy Badger” (Binary) Community maintained (Universe) 6. Click Edit. 7. In the Sections field of the dialog box that appears, add the word multiverse, so that the line now reads universe multiverse. Then click OK. 8. In the Software Preferences dialog box, click OK. 9. You ll be told that you must now download the latest package lists from the servers. Agree to do so. After you set up the Synaptic Package Manager to use the online repositories, you will be able to search for software by clicking the Search button. To install a new software package, click the check box alongside it in the list of results, and then click Mark for Installation. Almost as soon as you download the package lists from the server, you will find a new icon in your notification area (the equivalent of the system tray in Windows) and a speech bubble telling you that system updates are available. Updating your system software is covered in Chapter 9, and you ll find a full introduction to the way Ubuntu handles software installation and removal in Chapter 29.